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Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) 2019 indicator data by Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA) and local authority: income and employment domains

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Next update expected:This dataset is not expected to be updated or replaced in the future

Updates

19th January 2026
Dataset first published.

Main information

Designation
Accredited official statistics
Data provider 1
Department for Work and Pensions (DWP)
Data source 1
No specific source from data provider
Data provider 2
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC)
Data source 2
No specific source from data provider
Data provider 3
Home Office
Data source 3
No specific source from data provider
Data provider 4
Office for National Statistics (ONS)
Data source 4
Mid-year population estimates

Overview

Summary of dataset and variables

Note: this is not the latest release in the series, for latest data go to Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) 2025 results report.

The 2019 edition ranked all 1,909 Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs defined after Census 2011) from most (rank 1) to least (rank 1,909) deprived. It combines 47 indicators grouped under 8 domains which have the following weights in the overall index: Income (22%), Employment (22%), Health (15%), Education (14%), Access to Services (10%), Housing (7%), Community Safety (5%), and Physical Environment (5%).

The data here is for the underlying indicators that feed into the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019.

This table contains data for the 2 indicators that form the income and employment domains. All indicators are rounded to one decimal place.

Local authority indicator estimates have been produced where the original data allows for aggregating to geographies above LSOA level. Where this is not possible for a given indicator, local authority data entries will display [x] in the Data column.

Data collection or calculation

Income domain

The purpose of this domain is to measure the proportion of people with income below a defined level. The income domain has a relative weight of 22% in the overall WIMD 2019 Index.

The income domain is made up of one indicator, containing four elements:

  • Income-Related Benefit claimants
  • Tax Credit recipients
  • Supported Asylum Seekers
  • People on Universal Credit (excluding those “working with no requirements”) Dependent children of the above are also included.

This indicator is expressed as a percentage of the residential population for each LSOA, with the prison population subtracted from the four LSOAs containing prisons in Wales (as at 2016). The indicator values were ranked, then ranks were exponentially transformed to form domain scores for use in the calculation of the overall WIMD 2019.

Employment domain

The purpose of this domain is to capture lack of employment. This covers involuntary exclusion of the working-age population from work, including those who cannot work due to ill-health or who are unemployed, but actively seeking work. The employment domain has a relative weight of 22% in the overall WIMD 2019 Index.

The employment domain is made up of one indicator, containing four elements:

  • Jobseeker’s Allowance (JSA);
  • Employment and Support Allowance (ESA);
  • Incapacity Benefit (replaced Severe Disablement Allowance)
  • Universal Credit (UC) and not in employment.

This indicator is expressed as a percentage of the residential working-age population for each LSOA, with the prison population subtracted from the four LSOAs containing prisons in Wales (as at 2016).

Statistical quality

The WIMD 2019 data have been produced by professional statisticians using the latest data, rigorous analytical methods, and independent validation at every stage. WIMD 2019 builds on previous versions to ensure accuracy and reliability, combining 47 indicators from diverse sources (some but not all are based on official statistics sources) to minimize bias and strengthen robustness. Quality assurance included multiple checks, replication of results, and expert review with domain specialists and local authorities.

Related reports

Published by

Organisation
Welsh Government
Contact email
statsinclusion@gov.wales