Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) 2025 indicator data by Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA) and local authority: housing domain

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Next update expected:This dataset is not expected to be updated or replaced in the future

Updates

6th February 2026

Minor formatting changes

16th December 2025

Local authority indicator estimates have been produced where the original data allows for aggregating to geographies above LSOA level.

27th November 2025
27th November 2025
27th November 2025
Dataset first published.

Main information

Designation
Accredited official statistics
Data provider
Office for National Statistics (ONS)
Data source
2021 Census

Overview

Summary of dataset and variables

The Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) is the official measure of relative deprivation for small areas in Wales, ranking all 1,917 Lower Layer Super Output Areas from most (rank 1) to least (rank 1,917) deprived. It combines 54 indicators grouped under 8 domains which have the following weights in the overall index: Income (22%), Employment (20%), Health (15%), Education (14%), Access to Services (10%), Housing (9%), Community Safety (5%), and Physical Environment (5%).

WIMD produces domain ranks and an overall index to identify areas with the highest concentrations of multiple types of deprivation. Most of the indicator values, some sub-indicator values and some sub-domain ranks are also published on StatsWales. Please see the WIMD guidance report and technical report for more information.

This table contains data for the 4 indicators that form the housing domain, and 6 sub-indicators. All indicators are rounded to one decimal place apart from two that are rounded to two decimal places: households unable to afford to enter owner occupation or the private rental market, and energy efficiency.

Local authority indicator estimates have been produced where the original data allows for aggregating to geographies above LSOA level. Where this is not possible for a given indicator, local authority data entries will display [x] in the Data column.

Data collection or calculation

Conceptually, the purpose of the housing domain is to identify inadequate housing, in terms of physical and living conditions and availability. Here, living condition means the suitability of the housing for its inhabitant(s), for example in terms of health and safety, and necessary adaptations.

The housing domain contains indicators of:

  • the percentage of households that are overcrowded on the Census 2021 based bedroom measure (ONS)
  • a score of households unable to afford to enter owner occupation or the private rental market, where negative values are more deprived (less able to afford), 2023 (various sources, University of Heriot-Watt)
  • the percentage of residential properties classed as poor quality housing (which means being in disrepair or containing serious hazards), 2023 (various sources, BRE)
  • energy efficiency of residential properties (average Standard Assessment Procedure score), 2012 to 2024 (MHCLG) – note that higher values are less deprived for this indicator

There are four sub-indicators of inability to afford to enter owner occupation or the private rental market:

  • the percentage of households where the head of household is aged under 40 unable to afford to enter owner occupation, 2023 (various sources, University of Heriot-Watt)
  • the percentage of households where the head of household is aged under 40 unable to afford to enter the private rental market, 2023 (various sources, University of Heriot-Watt)
  • the percentage of private renter households where the head of household is aged 40 to 65 unable to afford to enter owner occupation, 2023 (various sources, University of Heriot-Watt)
  • the percentage of private renter households where the head of household is aged 40 to 65 unable to afford to enter the private rental market, 2023 (various sources, University of Heriot-Watt)

There are two sub-indicators of poor housing quality:

  • the percentage of residential properties in disrepair, 2023 (various sources, BRE)
  • the percentage of residential properties containing serious hazards, 2023 (various sources, BRE)
Statistical quality

The WIMD 2025 data have been produced by professional statisticians using the latest data, rigorous analytical methods, and independent validation at every stage. WIMD 2025 builds on previous versions to ensure accuracy and reliability, combining 54 indicators from diverse sources (some but not all are based on official statistics sources) to minimize bias and strengthen robustness. Quality assurance included multiple checks, replication of results, and expert review with domain specialists and local authorities.

The housing indicators comprise:

  • one census based indicator on overcrowding
  • 8 modelled indicators relating to quality and affordability, which draw on a range of mainly official (survey, census and administrative) but some non-official sources in their calculation
  • one indicator of energy efficiency based on an official source but with imputation (for on average 44% of properties)
Rounding applied

All indicators in this domain are rounded to 1 decimal place except for the ‘Households unable to afford to enter owner occupation or the private rental market’ which is rounded to 2 decimal places.

Related reports

Published by

Organisation
Welsh Government
Contact email
statsinclusion@gov.wales