Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) 2025 deep-rooted deprivation data by Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA)

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Updates

6th February 2026

Minor formatting changes

27th November 2025
27th November 2025
27th November 2025
27th November 2025
Dataset first published.

Main information

Designation
Accredited official statistics
Data provider 1
Digital Health and Care Wales (DHCW)
Data source 1
No specific source from data provider
Data provider 2
Public Health Wales
Data source 2
No specific source from data provider
Data provider 3
Welsh Government
Data source 3
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Data provider 4
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC)
Data source 4
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Data provider 5
Home Office
Data source 5
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Data provider 6
Ministry of Justice
Data source 6
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Data provider 7
Department for Education
Data source 7
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Data provider 8
Higher Education Statistics Agency
Data source 8
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Data provider 9
NHS England
Data source 9
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Data provider 10
Care Inspectorate Wales
Data source 10
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Data provider 11
NHS Wales Shared Services Partnership
Data source 11
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Data provider 12
Ministry for Housing, Communities and Local Government
Data source 12
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Data provider 13
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Data source 13
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Data provider 14
Ordnance Survey
Data source 14
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Data provider 15
Natural Resources Wales
Data source 15
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Data provider 16
Office for National Statistics (ONS)
Data source 16
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Data provider 17
Department for Work and Pensions (DWP)
Data source 17
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Overview

Summary of dataset and variables

The Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) is the official measure of relative deprivation for small areas in Wales, ranking all 1,917 Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs) from most (rank 1) to least (rank 1,917) deprived. It combines 54 indicators grouped under 8 domains which have the following weights in the overall index: Income (22%), Employment (20%), Health (15%), Education (14%), Access to Services (10%), Housing (9%), Community Safety (5%), and Physical Environment (5%).

WIMD produces domain ranks and an overall index to identify areas with the highest concentrations of multiple types of deprivation. Most of the indicator values, some sub-indicator values and some sub-domain ranks are also published on StatsWales. Please see the WIMD guidance report and technical report for more information.

This table contains the data that underlies the analysis of deep-rooted deprivation. Small areas of ‘deep-rooted’ deprivation are those that have remained within the top 50 most deprived, roughly equal to the top 2.6% of small areas in Wales for the last 6 publications of WIMD ranks (WIMD 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2019 and 2025).

In 2025, there are 22 small areas that are in deep-rooted deprivation. We also report on other categories of deep-rooted deprivation as explained below.

Data collection or calculation

How WIMD is constructed

There are three main components of the index:

  • the 54 underlying indicator datasets
  • ranks for the 8 separate domains (or types) of deprivation, created by combining relevant indicators within each domain
  • overall WIMD ranks, created by combining the domain ranks

All these components are calculated for each of the small areas (Lower layer Super Output Areas or LSOAs) in Wales and published.

The way the indicators and domains are combined is designed to reliably distinguish between areas at the most deprived end of the distribution, but not at the least deprived end. This means that differences between the least deprived areas in Wales are less well defined than differences between the more deprived areas.

Categories of deep-rooted deprivation:

  • LSOAs in deep-rooted deprivation: LSOAs that have remained in the top 50 most deprived for the last 6 publications of WIMD ranks (WIMD 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2019 and 2025).
  • LSOAs often ranked in top 50 most deprived: LSOAs that have been in the top 50 most deprived for between 3 and 5 of the last 6 publications of WIMD ranks (WIMD 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2019 and 2025).
  • LSOAs sometimes ranked in top 50 most deprived: LSOAs that have been in the top 50 most deprived for one or two of the last 6 publications of WIMD ranks (WIMD 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2019 and 2025).
  • LSOAs never ranked in top 50 most deprived: LSOAs that have never been in the top 50 most deprived for the last 6 publications of WIMD ranks (WIMD 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2019 and 2025).
Statistical quality

The WIMD 2025 data have been produced by professional statisticians using the latest data, rigorous analytical methods, and independent validation at every stage. WIMD 2025 builds on previous versions to ensure accuracy and reliability, combining 54 indicators from diverse sources (some but not all are based on official statistics sources) to minimize bias and strengthen robustness. Quality assurance included multiple checks, replication of results, and expert review with domain specialists and local authorities.

Data marked X on the data underlying deep-rooted deprivation table is not available due to the boundaries of the LSOA being altered (for example merged). In these cases, data from WIMD 2005, 2008, 2011, and sometimes also 2014 and 2019 is not shown as this is not comparable to later data.

In some cases, the boundaries for LSOAs were altered by splitting an LSOA into 2 or more new LSOAs. In these cases, the LSOA data for older index years may match data shown for some other LSOAs (as they were previously one area).

Related reports

Published by

Organisation
Welsh Government
Contact email
statsinclusion@gov.wales